Additions will be made as time permits.
Presented here is a remarkable specimen of a Confederate Second National flag captured at Petersburg, Virginia during the last days of the War Between the States. This fine Southern cloth artifact is a garrison flag that was captured at rebel-held Fort Gregg on April 2, 1865 by Lieutenant William H. Bird, 1st Delaware Cavalry. The specimen, which measures 116" on its leading edge and 180" on its fly, is constructed in the pattern of a Confederate 2nd National flag with the Army of Northern Virginia design in the canton.
William H. Bird was a twenty-two year old from Wilmington, Delaware when he enlisted as a second lieutenant in Company "B", 1st Battalion, Delaware Cavalry Volunteers on October 1, 1862. Bird, accompanied by his servant named George Washington, officially mustered into the unit on January 20, 1863. He served with his unit assigned to the defenses of Baltimore with the 8th Army Corps until he re-enlisted in May 1864. In June, Bird was appointed to the General Staff of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 6th Army Corps as 1st Lt. and ADC to Colonel William Penrose. In March of 1865, the young officer was placed on detached service with the staff of Major General Emory Upton in the field.
William Bird was Brevet Captain for 'gallant and meritorious service' before Petersburg on April 2, 1865 when he and other Union officers led the charge on the enemy's works at Fort Gregg. Bird captured this Confederate flag in the ensuing fighting and he is written up in the after-action report of later Brevet Brigadier General William Penrose. A portion of the text in the report is found in the OR's in Chapter LV111, "The Appomattox Campaign", pps 927-995, Ser 1, Vol 46, part 1. The text reads, "Lt. Bird, along with three other officers, led the charge on the enemy's works at Petersburg, VA at Fort Gregg, and by their magnificent conduct insured the success. They entered the works with their men during the assault, and pushing on drove the enemy, clearing the ground for the organization of troops. One battle flag was taken during this action as stated in the report by Bvt. Brig Gen. William H. Penrose, Hdqtrs First Brigade, First Division, Sixth Corps."
After the war, William Bird relocated to Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, where he married, set up residence, studied law and became a lawyer. He died in Salt Lake on May 18, 1906 at the age of 66. 'The Horse Soldier' purchased the flag a few years ago in Massachusetts when this specimen was consigned to an auction by a direct member of the Bird family.
This original Civil War Confederate flag of the 2nd National Garrison pattern measures 116" on the leading edge and 180" at the fly while its canton, with the A.N.V. flag design, measures 74" on the hoist and 78" on the fly. In good condition, the canton exhibits a red wool field constructed with four full loom widths 18½" long. The hoist and fly quadrants each have three horizontal seams while the top and bottom quadrants each have two seams. The fields are crossed with one layer of blue wool bunting to form a cross with the long arm of the cross running from the top fly to the bottom hoist. Inserted (sewn) in the cross are thirteen off-white cotton stars that measure 8" point to point. The stars are arranged with three on each arm of the cross and one centered at the intersection. The fly consists of eight lengths of off-white single ply bunting of which six lengths are full loom widths and two (top and bottom) less that the full width. The flag is intact save for a large missing area on the bottom fly corner where a section approximately two feet long by 3" high is missing and appears to have been cut off. Remainder of the flag exhibits scattered small and some large holes throughout that appear the work of rodents and insects. A series of light red stains in an almost a vertical pattern just beyond the fly end of the canton, appear to have occurred while the flag was folded in storage. All the fabrics, though severely creased, are quite strong and light exposure damage is not evident.
The flag is accompanied with a written analysis report from the Textile Preservation Associates, Inc that ascertains the validity of the flag. Included with this artifact are the military and pension records of William Bird from the National Archives in Washington, D.C and a brief history of the 1st Delaware Cavalry. Also included is a reproduction, black and white, outdoor photograph of Lt Bird, dressed in his cavalry uniform standing next to his horse, as well as an 8"x10" color photograph of the flag.
This museum-quality Confederate Second National flag is a remarkable specimen.
Presented here is one of the finest Southern specimens of an original and professionally authenticated American Civil War flag available today.
This wonderful set of colors is referred to as the Confederate First National Flag and measures 68" on its hoist by 120" on its fly. Confederate authorities adopted the design of this rebel flag on March 4, 1861. More commonly called the "Stars and Bars", this flag is in very good condition and features a field that consists of three horizontal bars, all made from a woolen or non-bunting material. The uppermost bar measures 22½" wide and is of red color; the middle horizontal bar is white and 21½" wide while the bottom bar is red and measures 23" wide. The fly edge is hemmed to a depth of ¾". Inset into the upper hoist corner and extending down through two of the bars is a dark blue woolen heading (canton area) that measures 44 ¾" on the hoist by 43½" on the fly and is composed of two sections of wool. The upper section is 22½" wide with the lower section also 22½" wide, both joined horizontally and all hand sewn. This canton features eleven (11) white, cotton, 5-pointed stars each 4½" to 4¾" across their points, appliqued to each side and set in a circle 34½" in diameter. A period reinforcement patch, 3 ½" high and 8½" wide, has been set into the lower hoist corner of the heading. The heading consists of a single piece of white linen canvas, 68" high and 3 ½" wide that has been doubled over to form a sleeve 1 ¾" wide, and a sewn along the leading edge. This sleeve as formed also encompasses a single length of rope that extends at each end of the heading and loops into eyelets for attachment to a halyard.
The flag, professionally authenticated by Mr. Howard M. Madaus of "Old Glory" Flag Consultants, LLC, was most likely a ship's flag or a flag used at a camp or garrison to identify such as Confederate property. Early in the war, the Confederate War Department unofficially established the sizes of 18'x 28' and 9' x 14' as the sizes for garrison and storm flags respectively and also ordered flags that were 4 ½' x 7' as 'post' or 'camp' flags. However, the War Department never published these guidelines and local manufacturers of Confederate colors opted to make flags that appeared attractive when flying.
As indicated, this flag is in very good condition and does exhibit a number of small moth holes to the surface of the cloth along with a number of stains overall. The color of this flag is strong and vibrant but the white coloring has yellowed a bit over time. Flag is accompanied with its letter of authenticity from Howard Madaus of Old Glory Flag Consultants.
This museum-quality, Confederate First National flag is truly a gem on today's collecting market and would make a magnificent addition to any advanced collection of Civil War memorabilia.
Consisting of the following items:
[1] "FOWLER GUARD. [GA.]" flag, captured during the Vicksburg Campaign at the Battle of Baker's Creek /Champion Hill, MS on -2/15/1862 by troops of the 11th Indiana Infantry ["Wallace's Zouaves], led by Lieutenant [later Captain] John P. Megrew of Co. "B".
[2] Captain Megrew's US M1850 foot officer sword [& belt sash], inscribed with his name, battles, & term of service.
[3] Megrew memorial service escutcheon, painted in oil.
[4] Megrew GAR Memorial book, Burnside Post no. 8, Washington, DC., along with other documents pertaining to Captain Megrew's service.
The "FOWLER GUARD" flag was researched and authenticated by nationally recognized flag authority & author Howard Michael Madaus. Mounted in a modern plexi-glassed, green and gilt edged frame, this double-sided flag measures 38" at the hoist and 50" at the fly. Constructed of wool bunting, it features a dark blue Saint Andrews cross with 15 white five pointed stars [7 going down from left to right/8 coming up from left to right] against a medium red field, with hand painted Georgia state seals centered at the intersection of the cross on both sides. To the left of the seal is "FOWLER," with "GUARD." on the right, both in 4" gray lettering. Except for minor fraying in the 'fly" corners, the condition of the cloth bunting is generally excellent. The hoist side is edged by a strip of white cloth with holes cut for fastening, and the entire strip exhibits moderate soiling. The three fly sides are fringed with light-weight bullion, two inches in length, tarnished dark and coppery. Overall, the flag exhibits vivid color and is in superb condition.
In his letter of authentification, Howard Micheal Madaus has this to say of the "Fowler Guard" and their flag: "The "Fowler Guard was the nickname for Company D, 42nd Georgia Infantry, but its flag had evidently graduated to use as the regimental battle flag of the 42nd when it was captured. It was indeed captured by the 11th Indiana Infantry ("Wallaces Zouaves") and presumably by Lieutenant [later Captain] John P. Megrew (Company B), based on his escutcheon; however, it was not taken at the Battle of Fort Donelson (there were no Georgia units at Fort Donelson) but rather in May of 1863 at the battle of Baker's Creek/Champion Hill during the Confederate movements to oppose Grant outside Vicksburg. Unfortunately, the Union captors referred to the flag (erroneously) as the "Fowler Battery" (an Alabama unit that was not in the action at Baker's Creek) because four guns were captured at the same time and place as the battle flag of the 42nd Georgia".
As for unit itself, the 42nd Georgia was assembled at Camp McDonald , Georgia, in March 1862, with men from Gwinnett, De Kalb, Newton, Walton, Fulton, and Calhoun counties. The regiment moved to Tennessee, then Mississippi where it was attached to General Barton's Brigade in the Dept. of Mississippi and East Louisiana. It fought at Chickasaw Bayou & Champion's Hill, and on July 4, 1863 was captured at Vicksburg. Exchanged and brigaded under General Stovall, the 42nd continued to fight in various battles from Missionary Ridge to Bentonville. In December, 1863, it contained 444 men and 394 arms, and in November, 1864, there were 345 present for duty. The unit surrendered with the Army of Tennessee with 5 officers and 126 men.
Captain Megrew's US Model 1850 Foot officer's sword is of Ames manufacture with the company mark just visible discernable above the reverse side ricasso. Blade is medium bright but considerably worn, with the "US" and the customary Ames scrollwork being barely discernable. Front edge exhibits a few dings and slight pitting near the tip. Washer present. Brass hilt assembly tight and symmetrical with finial bent slightly down. Dark coppery patina. Sharkskin grip is tight and somewhat shrunken with tight brass wiring. Captain Megrew's name & service - "Capt. J. P. Megrew - 11th Ind. Vols. 1861-1865" inscribed on top of knuckle guard. Leather scabbard has been broken & seen extensive repair, nicely done. Brass carrying mounts w/the upper one extending to the throat & containing an inscribed list of Megrew's battles - "Fort Donaldson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Winchester, Cedar Creek, VA." - as well as an Ames company marking. Mounts tarnished w/the lower edge clipped from the brass drag. Accompanied by Megrew's eight foot officers belt sash, burgundy colored, very thin and frayed with color fading from the tassels.
The Megrew memorial escutcheon dates from the turn of the century, and is done in oil in vivid red, gold and blue against a gray background, mounted and stretched on a modern canvas and frame measuring 24.5 x 30". The visually stunning escutcheon details the service of Captain John P. Megrew & the 11th Indiana Infantry, which may be summarized as follows:
John P. Megrew entered service as a private in the 11th Indiana and was mustered in as 1st Sergeant when the three month unit re-enlisted as a three year regiment on August 31, 1861. He was commissioned 1st Lieutenant, Co. "B", on Dec. 6, 1861, promoted to regimental Adjutant, 4/30/1862, and promoted again to Captain of Co. "D" on November 13, 1862, a rank and position he held through his mustering out on July 26, 1865. During service he was mentioned in dispatches following the Battle of Ft. Donelson, 2/12-16/1862, and was wounded at Big Black River [MS], 5/16/1863, and again slightly at Fisher's Hill [VA.], 9/22/1864.
The 11th Indiana served variously in the Union armies of the Tennessee, the Gulf , & the Shenandoah, being attached to the 13th, 19th & 8th Corps respectively. It participated in numerous engagements, including the following major battles: "Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Winchester, Fisher's Hill & Cedar Creek." The Regiment lost during service 1 officer and 114 Enlisted men killed and morally wounded and 3 officers and 170 Enlisted men by disease. [Note: The escutcheon erroneously states that the "Fowler Guard" flag was captured at the Battle of Ft. Donelson, when in fact it was taken by the 11th Indiana at the battle of Baker's Creek/Champion Hill, 5/16/1863, during the Vicksburg Campaign. See Howard Madaus' commentary above.]
G. A.R. Memorial Book - "MEMORIAL of John P. Megrew of Burnside Post, No. 8, Department of the Potomac, G.A.R. Address by Comrade George Simmons read at the meeting of the Post, July 13, 1921". Washington, DC: G.A.R. Post 8, 1921. 13pp. Black glazed cloth, 9.25 x 5.75", with gilt cover lettering & trim. Interior stamp, "G.A.R. Post 8." Front hinge cracking, medium wear to extremities. This book contains much supplementary information concerning Captain Megrew, including mention of his pre-war militia company which was accorded the honor of escorting President-elect Lincoln through Indianapolis during his railroad journey east to assume office in March 1861. In his post-war phase, Megrew served as commandant of Soldiers Homes in South Dakota & Indiana, before becoming chief of capitol police in Washington, DC., a position he held until retirement in 1913. He died Sept. 17, 1919.
This group includes other Megrew documents, including his state commission as a captain in the 11th Indiana, his post war commission as an aide de camp to the commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Potomac….a certificate of appointment as a commandant of the Indiana State Soldiers Home, and a mustering out testimonial letter from Brigadier Genl. W.W. Morris, 2nd Separate Brigade, 8th Army Corps.
In all, one of the more stunning flag groupings we've seen. Accompanied by Howard Madaus' documentation and letter of authenticity.
This is a brass-framed Henry rifle identified through the serial number to a Joseph Maxwell who had a very interesting military career. Records indicate that Maxwell, who was born in Ireland, enlisted on May 5th 1861. His place of enlistment was Philadelphia. On May 27, 1861 he mustered into B Company of the 26 Regiment of the Pennsylvania Infantry. Muster records indicate that Maxwell was "Wounded at Gettysburg July 2/63." Excerpts from the Regimental History state, The 26th arrived in the vicinity of Gettysburg on the evening of July 1st. The Third Corps bivouacked for the night near the battlefield, and early on the morning of the 2d the regiment was detailed to tear down the fences along and near the Emmittsburg road, to facilitate the movement of artillery and troops. The lines were then formed with the Twenty-sixth on the extreme right of the corps and on the Emmittsburg road. The advantage of position in this part of the line was in favor of the enemy, as it was exposed in the open field and liable to be swept by artillery from the ridges beyond. Late in the day the regiment changed front while under severe fire, in order to receive the charge of a Florida brigade, advancing in mass obliquely from the left front. No sooner was it checked than the Twenty-sixth in turn charged the enemy and drove him in confusion across the road, making numerous captures. The day proved disastrous to the corps, but it fought with determined bravery, and inflicted severe losses upon the enemy. On the 3d the brigade was principally occupied in supporting batteries, and was marched to the weakest and most threatened points. The Twenty-sixth went into battle with three hundred and sixty-four enlisted men, of whom two hundred and thirteen were killed and wounded; out of eighteen officers two were killed and nine severely wounded; two of the nine died of their wounds, and five were disabled from further service and made cripples for life; three color bearers were killed. The severity of the loss was owing to the faulty position of the line, and the entire absence of shelter, either natural or constructed; but it inflicted as well as suffered great slaughter. Casualty sheet and pension information indicates that Maxwell was shot in the groin. Maxwell mustered out of the 26th Pa. Infantry service on June 18th, 1864.
On March 18th of 1865 Maxwell again volunteered his services by joining Company K of the 3rd Reg't U. S. Veterans Vol. Inf. It is at this time that Maxwell is issued his Henry rifle. From records in the National Archives in Washington, D.C., it is known that rifles in the serial range from 1392 to 3956 were in the Ordinance Department order for Henrys, dated December 30, 1863. Many rifles in this serial range are recorded as issued to the Cavalry and after use with these units were turned back in to the ordinance department. These rifles were then re-issued to the Third U.S. Veterans Volunteers, where they saw duty until the end of the war. One of the incentives for re-enlisting in the Veteran Volunteers was a cash "bounty" as well as the agreement that the veterans would be permitted to keep their guns and accessories. More than 600 Henrys were used to arm the 3rd Regiment U.S. Veteran Volunteer Infantry. Company records list Maxwell as being issued Henry # 3652. Maxwell mustered out on March 19th, 1866.
At the age of 29, Maxwell again leaves civilian life for the military. On January 4th, 1869, In Omaha Nebraska, he re-enlists in the 27th Regiment of U. S. Infantry. This was a three-year enlistment in which Maxwell completed. In September of 1876 Maxwell again returns to the military. He enlists at Philadelphia in the 3rd U. S. Cavalry for a 5-year hitch. He must have lied about his age because the enlistment papers list his age as 32. At some point he must have been transferred to the 7th Cavalry, probably to fill the void left by the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Ten months later Maxwell deserts, is captured and sentenced to 4 years of hard labor in Fort Leavenworth military prison. After serving 23 month at Leavenworth he was pardoned by President Hayes. Maxwell applies for a pension numerous times and is finally granted one on March 9, 1907. Joseph died exactly one year later in the National Soldiers Home in Elizabeth City, Virginia.
This Henry is one of the 1,731 acquired by the government between 1862 and 1865. It is a 44-rimfire caliber with a tubular magazine. The top of the barrel is stamped: HENRY'S PATENT. OCT. 16. 1860/MANUFACT'D BY NEW HAVEN ARMS. CO. NEW HAVEN.CT. and the serial number 3652. The brass has a nice untouched mustard color and the letters HC are stamped on the right side of the receiver. The 24-inch barrel is a dull gray with the initials C,G,C, stamped at the breech of the barrel. The stock retains the original reddish patina. It has some scratches and dings that came from normal use. The cartouche on the wood is very light but visible.
Because many of the veterans later went west, most of these rifles saw duty in the frontier and in the Indian wars. Few of these martial guns remain in good condition as war duty and later service in the West and other wear resulted in much hard use and abuse. It is rare to find a Henry in this condition with such a great history. Included with the rifle are all the military and pension records for Maxwell, including a copy of the company records indicating that serial number 3652 was issued to Joseph Maxwell.
Presented here is an artifact rarity in the collecting field today…a pure, Confederate States Armory marked 'High Hump' Richmond rifle musket in simply outstanding condition. In addition, this very desirable weapon bears a period brass tag that displays the word "GETTYSBURG" engraved upon it in fancy block letters, each 1/8" high. A letter from the owner accompanies this weapon and relates the remarkable events and provenance on how the rifle was found.
The jeweler-engraved tag, which measures 2½" long x ¼" wide, sits on the stock opposite the lock and is secured with a small brass nail at each end of tag. This Confederate longarm, in excellent overall condition, is an original .577 caliber rifled muzzleloader produced in early 1862 by the Armory in Richmond. The rifle has the distinctive High Hump Richmond Armory lockplate that retains the old Model 1855 Maynard Tape Primer profile intact. Weapon is dated "1862" in strong, clear stampings on the lockplate behind the hammer. Also exhibited is a very fine armory marking of "C.S. / RICHMOND, VA." located on the lockplate front tang below the bolster. Both the "C" shaped hammer and the lockplate wear a fine, mellow patina of dark and light areas over a smooth surface. The high-hump rifle is 56" long overall and features a factory-browned, iron barrel that measures 40" long. Barrel surface is smooth with no pitting save for a tiny amount of very light patches at the breech tang end. Proof markings of "V / P / eagle head" still visible but the P and eagle head are thin. Original three-leaf rear sight sits on the barrel, as do the three original barrel bands. All three barrel bands do not have the offset "U" markings stamped on the band and never did. Lower barrel band does exhibit traces of an original factory repair at the top and side. Bore is very good: semi-bright with scattered pitting. Retains its three-grove rifling that will clean to fine. The walnut stock measures 53" long from the iron butt plate to the forend and features the brass stock tip with screw hole but is missing the screw. Stock has no patchbox but it does wear an old (over 20 years) coat of varnish over its entire surface that presents a mellow and pleasing appearance. Varnish can be easily removed if required. Wood stock exhibits one thin crack (1¼" long) visible along edge at the top lock screw and two, old, small nail holes that perforate the stock at the middle barrel band. Opposite side of stock has two slivers of wood (¾" long & 1" long, both ¼" wide) missing, as a result of the nail holes. Holes appears to have been made when rifle was attached to a wall display, typically the case in old G.A.R. halls when the walls were decorated with weaponry and artifacts brought home by the soldiers. Stock enjoys the usual small dings and dents scattered overall with mild edge rounding. No cartouches visible. This CS longarm retains its original, straight-shaft, tulip-head, iron ramrod with the threaded tip. Both original swivel slings present.
A super fine, 'absolutely pure' Confederate States Armory High Hump musket with all its original components except varnish and in outstanding condition.
Presented here is an identified and extremely rare, Southern-manufactured "Richmond Sharps" carbine in simply wonderful condition with serial number 2609. The Civil War weapon is original and identified to Private George Hawkins of Company K, 12th Virginia Cavalry Regiment.
Samuel Robinson was a Richmond businessman when the War Between the States began. He operated a plaining mill in that city. He became acquainted with a Brooklynite, John Lester, and they joined with others in the manufacture of ordnance related materials and products. Early in 1861, Robinson and Lester were in the process of commencing a revolver-making endeavor, using the US Whitney revolver as their pattern. They sold their planned enterprise to Edward Spiller and David Burr, who soon contracted with the Confederate Government to produce the Spiller and Burr revolver. Robinson, Lester and their associates developed the machinery for manufacturing their version of the US Sharps Carbine and in December of 1862, the newly formed S.C. Robinson Arms Manufactory contracted with the Confederate Governement for the firm's entire output of carbines of the Sharps pattern.
The Robinson Company manufactured about 2000 carbines from December of 1862 through the first of March, 1863, using the company's name, stamped on the lockplates and on the barrels. The Confederate Goverment bought Robinson out at that point and continued making exactly the same carbine, only dropping the company name. The same serial number sequence continued throughout production. An additional 3500+ Sharps carbines were produced during the government operation. The Government-made Sharps dropped the Robinson name-stamping, replacing it only with serial numbers on the rear of the lockplate and the tang of the breechblock. The only stamping on the barrel reads "RICHMONDVA", and is located between the rear sight and the breech.
Description and examination of Confederate Sharps # 2609: Overall length: 38 1/2 inches. Barrel length: 21 and 5/8 inches. Lockplate markings: "2608" stamped at the rear surface. Barrel markings: "RICHMONDVA" stamped between rear sight and breech. Rear sight (iron) is a fixed "V" notch; front sight is a broad one piece iron base with high tapered blade. Flat brass single barrel band: excellent original condition (retaining spring broken). Brass buttplate: excellent original condition. Single sling swivel mounted on the bottom of the buttstock toward the butt. Iron carbine slide bar and iron ring mounted on the left side opposite lockplate; bar inletted into frame and wood of stock. "2069 B" stamped on undersurface of slide bar.
Woodstock: Butt piece has a repair on the right top side where a 5 1/2 " chip had either become loose or had broken out at somet ime. The original wood was expertly replaced and secured by a strong bonding agent and three small pins which are visible in the stock. Such a repair my have been a contemporary one. The forend piece is fully intact. "RHK" stamped in wood butt. Even with repair to the buttstock, the wood is in excellent original condition, showing very little wear. Rear sling swivel: excellent original condition, fairly well inlet into the buttstock.
The remainder of the carbine, most of the iron parts show many original manufacturing tool marks, which signify very little use. There is a casting flaw in the right side of the barrel, just ahead of the forend stock, which is a very attractive feature to the Confederate Collector.
The carbine at hand is still relatively early in production, does not have a cut-out at the rear bottom end of the forestock to allow powder to escape upon firing. Some of the early models' forestocks burst upon firing, and this cut-out was employed to prevent such a happening.
In conclusion, this Confederate Goverment-made Sharps is completely original in every respect and in excellent overall condition, suitable to take its place in the finest collection.
George Hawkins enlisted as a private in the regiment at Spartapolis, VA on March 3, 1863. Confederate military records from the National Archives are incomplete but together with contemporary and post-war written accounts, a chronicle of Hawkins's service in the Virginia cavalry during the war can be ascertained.
Trooper George Hawkins is mentioned by name in an excerpt from The Great Invasion written by Jacob Hoke in 1888. Hawkins was a rebel scout who was captured in Chambersburg, PA during the raid into Pennsylvania led by Confederate General Albert Jenkins and his cavalry. As narrated by Jacob Hoke from an excerpt in his book, page 99, Hoke relates "Seated at an open window in the second story of my residence, overlooking the public square, and listening for the approaching enemy, I at length heard the clatter of horses' feet coming rapidly down Main Street. When opposite the residence of Mr. H M White, the report of a gun was heard. Almost simultaneously with the report of this gun, some four or five cavalrymen rode into the square. In the darkness, they became separated and one of them, evidently the officer in command of the squad, called out in a particular Southern tone, "Hawkins! Hawkins!! I say Hawkins, whar in the ____ are you?" If Lieutenant Smith, for such was his name, had called upon two of our gallant young men, John A. Seiders and T.M. Mahon, he might have received the information he so earnestly desired, for they were having a little matter of business with his friend "Hawkins" across the square and near the court-house at that time." A review of Hoke's book in Civil War Books by Nevins, Robertson and Wiley gives this account, "While somewhat rambling, this assessment of the Gettysburg Campaign by a civilian contains useful information." David Eicher gives a review in his The Civil War in Books and states "Hoke offers an eyewitness account of the Pennsylvania campaign by a Chambersburg businessman, along with supporting material drawn from many official documents." With four other Confederate scouts, Hawkins was one of the advance guard who rode into the town square at Chambersburg, PA early Monday evening, June 15, 1863. Separated from his squad, Hawkins was captured by two Pennsylvania soldiers home on leave and he was relieved of his horse, saber, saddle, carbine and other items. The carbine mentioned was given to the local G.A.R. Hall after the war and was subsequently held by a local family where it remained until the early 1960's. No parole records are given but Confederate military muster rolls indicate that Hawkins was present for duty with the 12th Virginia cavalry in September and October 1863. The trooper was absent during November and December 1863 and present for duty with his unit from January 1864 until he was wounded in action at the Wilderness (Todd's Tavern), VA on May 7, 1864.
This original Confederate "Sharps", correctly referred to as a "Richmond Sharps" carbine, is one of the most sought-after Confederate weapons of the Civil War. Here is the opportunity of a lifetime in collecting to acquire such a rare and coveted piece of identified Confederate weaponry.
Accompanied by papers & records as well as authentication documentation as provided by a leading expert in Confederate arms.
Cal. .52 smoothbore. The lock surface is smooth and wears a mix of patina and gray. The hammer shows a darkened case colored surface. Markings "WM Jenks" and "N.P. Ames/Springfield/Mass" are sharp and clear. Crisp mechanics. The barrel surface is smooth with a thin brown color. Markings "WM Jenks", "USN/RP/P/1844" are sharp and clear. Bore is smooth and bright. The number "52" is present on the bayonet lug. The brass mountings are smooth with a medium patina. The stock surface is mostly smooth with very light handling marks, and has its orogial factory surface presenting a rich walnut color. Two clear cartouches. This is a fine example of a very rare U.S. martial arm.
The Leech & Rigdon revolver is one of the most sought after of the Confederate handguns, and certainly one of the finest quality products made in the Confederacy.
Thomas Leech was a Memphis cotton broker and probably an agent for an arms manufacturer in the mid to late 1850's. Charles Rigdon was an engineer in St. Louis, and was a friend of Abel Shawk (Shawk & McLanahan revolver). Rigdon's machinery was used to some extent in the manufacture of the Shawk revolver. Rigdon took his machinery and moved to Memphis, locating several blocks from Leech, who by now had formed the Memphis Novelty Works, which was engaged in the manufacture of military cutlery and brass castings of all kinds, such as cavalry sabers, infantry swords, artillery swords and Bowie knives of every description. Leech & Rigdon formed a partnership shortly thereafter, still retaining the name of Memphis Novelty Works. In March 1862 they moved the operation to Columbus, MS, changing the name to Novelty Works. In May 1862 an ad appeared in the Memphis Appeal which referred to the Leech & Rigdon Novelty Works. They began their production of the Leech & Rigdon revolver at Columbus, but probably only a few were completed there.
Late in 1862 with Columbus threatened by Union forces, Leech & Rigdon moved to Greensboro, Georgia, where they began revolver production in earnest, with the company now known as Leech & Rigdon. In March 1863 they contracted with the CS government to furnish 1500 "Colt-type" revolvers. Probably just over 1000 revolvers had been made at Greensboro when in December 1863 the partnership was dissolved, and Rigdon took his machinery to Augusta, GA, where he and a new partner, Jesse Ansley, completed the remaining 500 or so revolvers on the Leech & Rigdon contract. They then began a new contract with the Confederate government for 1500 Rigdon & Ansley revolvers, of which only 900 or so wre completed.
With this background in mind, thus follows an examination of detail of this Leech & Rigdon, Serial Number 682, a percussion revolver that was manufactured in Greensboro, GA.
The gun shows a pleasing consistent aged-brown patina with no evidence of ever having been cleaned. As is usual with the very small serial number characters, it is difficult to determine some individual numbers, but all numbers are believed to be matching.
The iron cylinder is original, stamped "659"; it has many dings. The original nipples are somewhat distressed, but intact. The original round, iron barrel with octagonal housing has the top flat stamped "LEECH & RIGDON CSA", but the usual defective stamping renders the L about unreadable with only top portions of the EECH visible and usual broken die stamping in the name RIGDON. Brass pin front sight original; replaced loading lever catch.
The original iron frame is stamped "659" near barrel lug; no interior markings, no cap release groove (which is correct). The original iron arbor is stamped "659" (a poor strike) on top side, reads from breech to muzzle. The original brass trigger guard is stamped "659" near lug; four cryptic dots stamped just ahead of TG oval; no internal markings. The original brass back strap is stamped "659" at butt; cast flaw at outside rear base of butt.
The original iron loading lever is stamped "659", reading breech to muzzle and difficult to read; loading lever catch is a correct replacement of the ball and pin type. Plunger original, no markings (iron).
The original iron wedge has Colt type spring (which is correct); stamped "659". The original, tempered steel mainspring has some homemade iron washers employed at screw; the screw is original.
The original, American Walnut grips are in excellent condition. Serial# "659" pencilled-in, in backstrap channel. A small piece of linen like fabric is in the backstrap channel.
Screws and interior parts are original, except for the leaf spring for the cylinder bolt and trigger, which is replaced. Spring replaced on the rachet arm; one barrel lug pin replaced; wedge screw replaced.
In conclusion, Leech & Rigdon # 659 is an authentic and original specimen of a very sought after Confederate handgun, and deserves a high place in any Civil War collection.
Serial Number 2434, manf. in Griswoldville, GA in February, 1864. The most prolific maker of handguns for the Confederacy, the Griswold & Gunnison products are the most readily recognizable of all w/their brass frames, backstraps & triggerguards. This revolver S/N 2434 is a very attractive example & is thoroughly described as follows: Brass frame stamped 2434 on right side, "XXIII" on bottom right inside flat surface, two centering punch marks on rear inside surface of standing breech; faint cryptic "B" on left side breech. Barrel S/N 2434 on right side. Secondary number "4" stamped on wedge, hammer, & brass triggerguard, all parts being original to revolver. One piece walnut grips original and in excellent condition. The revolver shows an overall pleasing patina. As expected there are your typical casting flaws which one expects to observe in a Griswold. The purchaser received a document of authentication from Mr. Frederick R. Edmunds, former Curator of The Confederate States Armory & Museum.
Cal. .32 rimfire. S/N 771. 6" barrel. The brass frame has the scroll engraving typical to Moore's revolvers, and retains approx. 50% of its silver plate. The ID engraved on the backstrap reads, "John Daley, from his Friends / March 11, 1862." with "ALBANY, N.Y." on the butt. These markings are sharp and clear. The cylinder and barrel surfaces have a smooth gray color with sharp edges and some traces of blue remaining on barrel. Markings "D. Moore Patent Sept. 18, 1860" are clear. Grips have light wear and retain approx. 95% varnish. The accompanying holster shows age and use, with some surface cracking and one area of loose stitching. The leather remains soft.
John Daley (also spelled variously in his records as Daly, Daily, and Dailey), born in Ireland and a moulder by occupation, was 29 years of age when he enlisted as a sergeant at Troy, NY on 3/6/62. On 3/8/62 he mustered into Co. I, 104th NY Infantry. Promoted to 1st Lieutenant on the field at Antietam on 9/17/62. Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, VA on 12/18/62, receiving a gun shot wound to his right leg while participating in a charge. Sent to a Washington, D.C. hospital to recuperate from his wounds and the typhoid fever which developed subsequently. He rejoined his regiment in March of 1863. Daley was captured on July 1, 1863 at Gettysburg, after have first been reported missing in action. He was held at Richmond until being paroled at City Point on 3/7/64. Arrived at Camp Parole, MD on 3/9/64. Returned to the regiment in May. He attempted to tender his resignation due to medical reasons, but it was not accepted by the War Department. Promoted to Captain of Co. A on 7/11/64. He was again taken prisoner at Petersburg, VA (Weldon Railroad) on 8/19/64. Paroled on 2/21/65 at Aikens Landing, VA, and is listed on a hospital muster roll in Annapolis, MD on 2/22/65. Granted a 30 day leave of absence; returned to duty on 3/18/65. On 5/4/65, he was dishonorably discharged for conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, by Special Order 205. The dismissal was later revoked in Special Order 176, and he was honorably discharged by tender of resignation to date from 4/4/65. Following the war, Daley resided in Albany, NY, and he died on 2/28/1911 at the age of 77.
The 104th New York served briefly with the 3rd Corps, and saw it's first action at Cedar Mountain; it was then assigned to 1st brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, and was engaged at Rappahannock Station, Thoroughfare Gap, Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, & Fredericksburg; in reserve at Chancellorsville, Heavily engaged at Gettysburg, where it lost 194 in killed, wounded & missing. Engaged without loss in the Mine Run Campaign. Reassigned to the 5th Corps, with which it continued during the remainder of the war. Took part in all of the battles of the Wilderness campaign, suffering heavy casualties at Spotsylvania, the first assaults on Petersburg, and at Weldon Railroad. After August, 1864, it performed provost guard duty with its corps, and served with slight loss through the final battles of the war, ending with Lee's surrender at Appomattox. Accompanied by military & pension records.
Here is a rare and very fine specimen of a U.S. martially marked, 36 caliber, Colt Model 1851 Navy revolver in fantastic condition. Identification to Thomas T. Bartlett of C Company, 1st Regiment, California Volunteer Cavalry is by serial number (#64052) taken from the ordnance records in the Regimental Letter and Order books.
From the regimental descriptive book comes this telling remark about the patriotic Bartlett, "Enrolled at Sacramento August 17, 1861; traveled 140 miles to place of rendezvous." Bartlett, a native of Boston, Massachusetts, was a thirty-two year old adventurer when he traveled from Sacramento to Camp Merchant, Oakland, California on September 7, 1861 to muster into Federal cavalry service for three years. On the 21st of January 1862, Trooper Bartlett was promoted to Corporal at Camp Carleton near San Bernardino. By Mid November 1862, Bartlett was on detached service as personal escort to Brigadier General James Carleton's force at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Carleton's California Column, as it was called, had orders to re-capture the forts and posts in Arizona and New Mexico from the Confederates. Bartlett re-enlisted as a Veteran Volunteer in the California Cavalry on November 16, 1863 and had risen to the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in the 1st New Mexico Infantry by early February 1865. By the time the Civil War came to a halt in the east, the Indian tribes in the West had become a hostile marauding force against the settlers. General Carleton became commander of the Department of New Mexico and moved aggressively with his California Column against the Apaches, Kiowas, Navajos and Comanches tribes throughout the territory. A seasoned Indian fighter by September 1865, Thomas Bartlett was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in the First Regiment, New Mexico Cavalry Volunteers and had participated in numerous engagements and skirmishes against the Indians, many times leading patrols and scouts in those same expeditions. A notation in his records with "F" Company, 1st New Mexico Cavalry is dated 12 November 1865 and reads, "scouting after Apache Indians". October 1866 has the last entry in his records and states "Transferred to Battalion." The regiment mustered out of service on October 19, 1866 but Bartlett was discharged from the army on November 22, 1867 at Santa Fe. Nothing more is noted on Bartlett until May of 1897 when he declared for an invalid pension from his residence at Garland, Colorado. He received a pension until his death on July 12, 1900.
A wonderful and rarely seen, original Colt Model 1861 Navy 6-shot revolver (Serial Number 6364) and matching holster that belonged to 1st Lt. Augustus W. Proseus, 111th New York Infantry Regiment, killed in action near Little Round Top on July 2, 1863.
Augustus Proseus was a 25 year-old man from Sodus, NY who on May 10, 1861, enlisted at Newark, NY as a second lieutenant in Company 'I', 17th Regiment, New York Infantry for a term of two years. Unfortunately, seven months later Proseus resigned for personal reasons and his resignation was accepted on December 14, 1861 for the following reasons: the officer was "unfitted to make a good officer by nature, could not control men and could not command their respect". Augustus Proseus went home to New York State but did not stay long. In July 1862, the New Yorker signed on for a second enlistment, this time as an enlisted man in Company E, 111th Regiment, New York Infantry. His civilian occupation was listed as a mechanic. On August 15, 1862, he was appointed First Sergeant of Company E. One month later, on September 15, 1862, he and his entire regiment surrendered to Stonewall Jackson's rebel army at Harper's Ferry, VA during the Antietam Campaign. The 111th NY was paroled the same day and Proseus along with his regiment found themselves re-assigned to Camp Douglass in Chicago, guarding prisoners of war until December 1862. Upon arrival at Camp Hays, Centerville, VA in January 1863, Proseus gained a commission as 2nd Lt. in the company and two months later he was bumped up to 1st Lieutenant.
In late June 1863, the regiment was assigned to the 3rd Bde, 3rd Div, 2nd A.C. and marched to Gettysburg, where they engaged the enemy on the second day of battle. Originally posted on the heights south of the town, the New Yorkers on orders from their brigade commander, Col. Willard, moved at 5 PM that day to lower ground facing the Emmitsburg Road. There, the 111th New York participated in the gallant and successful charge of Willard's brigade on the battlefield between Cemetery Hill and Little Round Top. It was at this time that Lieutenant Proseus was killed leading his company into action. Accounts given in the regimental history titled "The Redemption of the Harper's Ferry Cowards" by R.L. Murray, state that "another officer in the 111th, Lieutenant Augustus Proseus of Company E, was killed while leading his men. At Gettysburg he was very ill and had only rejoined his company. As his men advanced, he encouraged them by yelling, "Stand firm. Don't yield an inch!" Just as he finished this statement, an enemy bullet struck him down." A sad end for a gallant soldier.
This martially marked Colt Model 1861 Navy revolver is one of a limited contract for 2,000 pieces dated Sept. 17, 1861. A total of 2,056 were delivered to the U.S. Government. The serial number of this piece "6364" indicates an early 1862 delivery date. All iron surfaces are gray with evenly scattered peppery pitting and dark age spots. All markings typical to this model are visible. Cylinder scene is present though thin. All serial numbered components have matching number "6364". Good mechanics. The top jaw of the loading lever latch is broken. The latch still functions. The brass back strap and trigger guard have a smooth surface and medium patina. The grips show smooth wear. "D.W. Durham" is crisply stamped on the butt end of the right grip panel, which also has the martial cartouche. The cartouche is clear with some minor thinning. No research done as yet on Durham but current family indicates that it might indeed be a relative of the officer.
Augustus Proseus's Colt 1861 Navy revolver, with its verbal ID, has been passed down through his family generations since the war until now (July 2004). The sidearm comes with a handwritten, notarized affidavit from the current family as to its authenticity and provenance, along with a written statement from Hesse Galleries, Otego, NY, who acquired the artifact.
Fine condition, Colt 1861 Navy revolvers are seldom encountered on the market today, and this fine specimen, with its impeccable provenance, family identification, and documented Gettysburg battlefield action, constitutes a unique opportunity to acquire a historically significant artifact worthy of the most advanced collections. Accompanied by military & pension records from the National Archives, which includes numerous letters which Proseus wrote home to his mother & sister.
Dr. Oakes was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the 2nd Regiment, Texas Cavalry Volunteers on May 23, 1861 in Galveston. The 2nd Texas Cavalry, also known as the 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles, was organized on May 23, 1861 from various companies previously in State service. Initially, Oakes was assigned to the General Hospital, Military District of Galveston, which he built up to high standards without any financial support from the CS authorities. But in October 1861, Dr. Oakes tendered his resignation due to lack of funds owed him from the Richmond government. Still unhappy with his situation, Dr. Oakes resigned in January 1862 as Asst. Surgeon at the hospital and requested field duty where he could be of more use to the government. Subsequently, in May 1862, Oakes saw service with Col. Waller's Battalion of Cavalry based at Hempstead, TX. In June 1862, Oakes was in Houston trying to obtain vehicles for the sick of Waller's battalion. By February 1863, Oakes was in Houston again this time seeking authority to raise and muster into C.S. service for twelve months, three companies of infantry. Records are inconclusive regarding the formation of the infantry companies but Dr. Oakes was embroiled in other dealings with his military superiors. From Waco, Texas on July 6, 1863, Oakes was involved in communications with Confederate Major General John Magruder, who commanded the Departments of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Records show that W.E. Oakes, Acting Assistant Surgeon, was relieved of duty at General Hospital on May 30, 1863 and had requested a military Court of Honor, a.k.a. Court of Inquiry, after he left the service.
No further records on William E. Oakes are available until March 18, 1865 when at New Orleans, LA, he joined Company C, 2nd Battalion, of the U.S. Texas Cavalry, a one year unit, as a 2nd Lieutenant with authorization from Major General E.R. Canby, Department commander. Military records show that it was at this time that William Oakes assisted in organizing three companies of Texas refugees at the Post of Brazos Santiago, TX and by the end of May, 1864, Oakes was acting Captain of Co. C, 2nd Bttn, U.S. Texas Cavalry at Brownsville, TX.
The 2nd Battalion, U.S. Texas Cavalry organized at Brazos Santiago, TX in March 1865 and saw duty at Brownsville and Brazos Santiago. The battalion engaged in other Texas actions that included Palmetto Ranch and White's Ranch and was active until November 1865.
Revolver is .44 cal., S/N 28854 all matching. All iron surfaces wear a mixed medium gray-brown patina. Light pitting is present mostly on frame and top strap. The barrel has some scattered nicks and some small patches of peppery pitting at muzzle. The bore is strong with dusty pitting. Remington's "New Model" markings are thin with traces remaining. The grips have a cleaned surface and show an attractive grain. A letter "H" is scratched into the butt and side of the right panel. Clear cartouche. The cylinder has some light pitting at front and near nipples.
This personal sidearm, identified to Texan William E. Oakes via its serial number (#28854), is a fine and original specimen of Civil War weaponry and has a unique personal history with it. Accompanying the revolver is the soldier's military records as researched in the National Archives.
The following accouterments are on the on belt in the following order: NCO Belt Plate, Rifle Musket Cap Box, Two Regulation Sword Straps sewn to belt , Belt Plate keeper.
[A] Remington-Beals Army revolver. SN#: .44 caliber, 6 shot round cylinder. 8"octagon barrel with barrel threads concealed by frame. Cylinders do not have safety notches. All metal surfaces dusky gray w/traces of pitting throughout. Markings worn but legible. Walnut grips exhibit light wear w/slight shrinking near butt strap. Bore rifling sharp, but in need of a good scrubbing. Action tight and crisp. Overall, VG.
[B] US M1851 Dragoon saber belt. [See Todd, Vol. 1, p.224, fig.61 Belts & slings] Maker mark near keeper: "H.A. Dingee, N.York." Complete in all respects with all requisite buttons, hooks, rings, & straps.]. Buff leather dyed on obverse side, still relatively supple w/light wear. Virtually no flaking whatever.
[C] US M1851 NCO Belt Plate & Keeper. Plate Maker mark stamped on reverse: "US Allegheny Arsenal". Keeper # "910" stamped on reverse. Dark copper patina w/bright German silver wreath.. VG
[D] US Cap Box. Maker mark (inner flap): "Metzger, Phila.". Inspector mark (inner flap): "H.H. Hartzler, U.S. Ord. Dept., US Inspector". Leather supple, w/very light wear, vg stitching, & no flaking or cracking. Pick & inner fleece present.
[E] US .44 Caliber Holster. [See Todd, Vol. 1, p.227, Fig. 62] Maker mark: "J. Davy & Co., Newark, N.J." Flap & finial strap cracking w/light flaking. Body exhibits wear but is good & strong. Loop on back held by six rivets.Latch tab an integral part of strap. The accompanying Remington-Beals revolver fits smoothly in holster.
This incredibly rare, Civil War era accoutrement is a very fine specimen of a gutta-percha case, a.k.a. a belt holster. Only three known examples are known to exist today.
Manufactured by the North American Gutta Percha Company of New York, the holster is constructed of heavy canvas and is treated with dark-colored, vulcanized gutta-percha. Gutta Percha describes a substance, that when taken from the latex of Malaysian trees, quickly hardens if left untreated and resembles rubber. When this latex is treated with the vulcanization process, the latex is transformed into a hard, rubber-like material. Made for a small caliber sidearm, this seldom seen flap holster easily accommodated the Colt Model 1849 Pocket Pistol with a 6" barrel.
This rare specimen is in very good condition but has some mild surface crazing and scuffing overall with scattered areas of slight flaking at the barrel tip, closure tab and at the stress or flex points of the cover flap. Holster exhibits a closure tab loop on the body front and large belt loop attached to the backside of body. Both loops appear to have been secured to the holster during the vulcanization process and show no signs of stitching. Holster barrel interior is lined with a light, tan colored cloth felt that is frayed near the top edge. Specimen exhibits a thin, 1/8" wide edging completely around the cover flap and closure tab. With the flap open, remnants of the North American Gutta Percha Company's red ink trademark stamp are discernable. Please see Mike Woshner's book, "India-Rubber and Gutta-Percha in the Civil War Era", page 92, O'Donnell Publications, 1999, for reference.
As an aside, indications are that this gutta percha holster was originally paired with a Colt M1849 Pocket Pistol that belonged to Civil War infantryman Corporal Alvin Foss of the 23rd Regiment, Maine Volunteer Infantry. However, no definitive identification link between this holster and Corporal Foss can be made. But according to records at the National Archives, the North American Gutta Percha Company sent a letter, dated 1855, to the Federal Quartermaster Department indicating the shipment of over 1000 Colt revolvers and holsters.
With only three such holsters known to exist, one of which resides at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center and two in private collections, this very rare, gutta percha belt holster presents an excellent, once-in-a-life-time opportunity for the discriminating accoutrement collector.
From the Stamatelos collection, this jacket is one of the more stunning uniforms available in today's collecting market. Featured in the recent Time-Life "Echoes of Glory: The Union", Volume 1, page 125, this jacket was cut down and transformed from frock coat into a shell jacket--with lining and vest pocket--by its owner, Henry Stone.
Stone was a 20 year-old fireman & resident of Charleston, MA when he enlisted as a Sgt. on 6/31/1861. He was present with his regiment until captured in 1864. The 11th Mass. saw action at 1st Bull Run, Williamsburg, the Seven Days' Battles, 2nd Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor & others. Stone was wounded slightly in the left arm on July 2, 1863, at Gettysburg, where the 11th Mass. had been positioned on the Emmitsburg Road just East of the Peach Orchard. He did not go to the hospital, but remained with his unit. At the Battle of Spotsylvania, the 11th took part in two assaults on the Bloody Angle, and Stone was again wounded, this time in the leg, and taken prisoner 5/12/1864. As a prisoner of war, he was held at Andersonville, GA, until paroled at Charleston, SC on 12/10/64. Stone suffered numerous ailments and went deaf due to illness while held prisoner. He was ordered to Camp Parole Maryland and was subsequently mustered out at Boston on 2/18/65. Following the war Stone married, fathered three children, and was a prominent member of the 11 Massachusetts Infantry Association & a member of GAR Post #2, South Boston. He died in Boston on 3/11/1892.
Worn by Stone at Gettysburg, the jackets exhibits evidence of the wound to his left arm in the form of a small circular patch on the sleeve, above two three-inch tears further down near the cuff. It may also have been worn through the remainder of his service, including his time at Andersonville. The interior lining is torn on the lower left side, and a small hole exists in the rear, just below the collar, along with an inch and a half stretch of loosened sewing along the seam. Accompanying the jacket are two letters from Stone to his mother including one that references the coat as follows: "…. you wish for me to send home any of my clothes that I may have worn in the Battle of "Gettysburg" I will do so at once soon as many of the Boys Rail for home on furloughs-we have some who are expecting to go home the first of the week…..I will send you my "Jacket" worn in the Battle Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Wapping Heights-also Locust Grove. "
Also accompanying the jacket is a CDV of Stone, his military pension & pension records, copies of his discharge & obituary, and a printed transcription obtained online of the fascinating diary which Stone kept while in Andersonville, the first entry of which reads: "Sunday 29 [May 1864] Very warm, good breeze. Got to Macon early this morning. Am on the rode for Andersonville. Got here about noon. Marched inside the enclosure. This is a rough looking place. Now I am in here, I question whether we will get out. Perhaps never. This is my first day in the bandingo".
The jacket is accompanied by a CDV of Zehring dressed in civilian clothes, along with a large quantity of period documents, e.g. orders, etc, pertinent to Zehring throughout the war. Included are his clothing record from1863, which he retained for the balance of the war, keeping a record of all clothing issued to him (in itself a remarkable document); a number of letters to Zehring from other soldiers, including one written by a member of Johnston's Army at the time of the surrender - we would classify this as one of the most remarkable Civil War letters that we have ever seen.
Also accompanying the jacket are letters of provenance from Zehring's granddaughter, along with records, etc.
The shako is made of wool with a white wool weft and a gray wool warp. The cap has a patent leather band around crown which is .5" in width; another band is around the bottom edge, 1" in width. The cap measures 4" in the front, and is 4" in diameter. The cap at one time had black trim composed of two cords, each wrapped in black/gray wool, forming a herringbone-like braid. This braid was located on the back, front, on the seams, and up the sides. It is now present only in fragmented pieces. The cap is stiffened with a burlap which is covered with pieces of newspapers that appear to date to the 1850's because of the references to Franklin Pierce. The cap's sides are line with a brown cheesecloth-like cotton - the tip with a darker black/brown cotton. The sweatband is of green oilcloth of a diagonal impressed pattern in the green, and is 1.5" in width. Black patent leather visor with a green oilcloth bottom. The visor has a tin patent leather edge. Black patent leather chinstrap with a brass buckle. The buttons are US enlisted eagle with tin backs. Overall the shako is in good condition with normal repairs.
With the uniform is an old label tag which reads "Confederate Uniform Sergeant's". At time of sale, the items were accompanied by letters from a leading expert.
The coat itself is of heavy cadet gray wool, double breasted with a seven button front. All the buttons are yankee staffs with identical Extra Quality backmarks. All are original to the coat. Superb balloon sleeve cut. The body is line with brown tabby weave cotton, lightly padded in the breast area. The tail pockets and breast pockets are lined with unbleached osnaburg, as are the sleeves. Identical yankee staff buttons were also used on the tails. This coat has never had cuff buttons. The overall condition of the coat is truly remarkable, with just some very minor nip mothing and a few very small seam openings. The coat shows no signs of ever having shoulder straps, and doubtless saw very little use.
The rolled collar coat was, of course, regulation for every Navy officer, but it was also favored by many army officers, most notably General Robert E. Lee. Coat is complete with the original belt and buckle, an 1851 eagle belt plate with silver wreath, over the shoulder sling, but there are no provisions for sword hangers. The belt itself is unquestionably of CS manufacture.
The coat was accompanied by a 4 page letter written by the leading authority on CS uniforms, fabric & construction, which attests to the authentiity of every detail of the coat.
Outstanding Civil War uniform. Jacket constructed of light blue fine quality wool with black velvet covered fold down collar. 9 eagle "I" (23mm) buttons down front with nonfunctional cuff with 3 smaller eagle "I" buttons. Cuffs are also trimmed with a 5/16" wide black silk/wook piping. This piping starts just above the buttons and descends to approx. 2" from the cuff bottom. Sleeves have a very nice balloon cut, 9" wide at the elbow. Interior with a brown silk/wool quilted lining. Single slit interior breast pocket lined with brown polished cotton. Sleeves are lined with fine white cotton. Written in period ink on the lining of the left arm is "GRANGER / Nov 9/ 63". Attached to the left ar 4" from the shoulder is a black crepe mourning bow/ribbon. Top to bottom ribbon measures 6 1/2". Pinned to the left breast is a silver 5th Corps badge. Badge has a dark patina. T-bar on reverse. Coat has some scattered mothing which has been expertly restored. Appears mostly on the cuff areas and on the left sleeve. Cuff buttons are all "Schuyler H&G N. York" backmarked. Large coat size are "Waterbury Button Co./Waterbury Conn."
Vest is constructed of same fine quality light blue wool with 8 eagle "I" buttons. BM: "D. Evans & Co. Superfine". Interior lined with blue polished coton & a lighter blue/green cotton. One interior slit pocket. Exterior w/3 slit pockets. Reverse side of vest of brown cotton.
The wearer of this coat was ingenious enough to use eagle "I" buttons, no doubt for when the VRC was known as the "Invalid Corps". The Veteran Reserve Corps began as the Invalid Corps in April 1863 to provide an opportunity for disabled US soldiers to continue to serve their country even though they were no longer physically able to serve on the front lines. The name was changed in 1864 after it became a running joke that this was a Corps that allowed able-bodied malingers to escape the danger of battle. At full strength, the VRC consisted of 24 regiments & several independent companies. They served in hospitals, as guards at POW camps, and other duties, which freed able bodied men to serve in the field. The uniform worn by the soldiers of the VRC was identical to their fighting counterparts, except for the jacket, which was of a sky blue material, cut like a cavalry jacket.
Here is a wonderful, pre-Civil War, Virginia militia officer's uniform that belonged to Samuel J. Mullins who wore it early in the war with Co A, 42nd Regiment, Virginia Infantry. Included in this grouping is a late 1850's militia frock coat, a large ambrotype showing Mullins wearing this very coat, his militia sword and scabbard, two dress epaulettes, a framed post-war document and a small, paper booklet.
In 1860, the 29 year old Mullins was listed as an 'overseer' of the Horsepasture Store Post office in Henry County, Virginia. In early June 1861, Mullins enlisted at Ridgeway, VA, and recruited and organized Company A at Lynchburg in Campbell County and was later appointed its Captain. Known as the Henry Volunteers, the company became part of the 42nd VA Infantry, Army of Northern Virginia and served faithfully through out the war. Mullins led the company and participated with the army divisions of Generals Loring and Jackson in the Valley District. An excerpt from page 9 in the "42nd Virginia Infantry" history by author John Chapla relates to Mullins in 1862. "The needs of the 42nd were more mundane: clothes. It was now winter. Clothes were turning to rags. About 3 AM on January 4, Co. A was sent out about a mile to stand picket for an hour. As Capt. Sam Mullins described the duty, "it was intensely cold and still snowing. Then came some of the realities of war: No fire. But we stood it out and returned to camp". Sam Mullins was a sickly individual through most of his service and stayed on the rolls until he lost reelection as Captain in April 1862 and was dropped from the rolls. He was then elected a member of the VA Legislature in 1862 and re-elected in 1864. After the war, Mullins served as judge of the Henry County Court and died from a fall December 27, 1888.
In the Memorial Edition dated April 1899 from the Martinsville Standard newspaper, it stated a brief history of the men and officers of the 42nd VA. "Co A of the heavy fighting 42nd Virginia Regiment which composed a portion of the Stonewall Division. These were the men who during the life of the lamented Jackson, never fired a gun from an entrenchment. They swept line after line of Federals from the field at Kernstown".
Captain Mullins's frock coat, typical of militia uniforms of the period, features an ornate triple-breasted front with three columns of gold, coat-size Virginia buttons, with eight buttons per column. The coat material appears to be a course gray wool or satinet substance that has since turned to a faded light green / dirty gray coloring overall. Frock coat exhibits much wear and has scattered areas of moth nip damage, tears and fraying overall. Both uniform sleeve cuffs sport a contrasting, applied, dark blue facing with three Virginia coat size buttons. The frock coat standup collar is faced with multiple rows of ½" wide gold braiding, some of which is heavily frayed, with portions of it torn away from the collar but still whole.
Included in the grouping is a fine condition, full-cased, quarter plate size image of Captain Mullins in this very uniform coat. He is pictured in a ¾ seated view facing the camera and exhibits an acute case of 'hat hair'. In his right hand, the young, bearded Captain holds his plume-topped, militia shako and at his left side, attached to his waist belt is the very same sword that is in this grouping. Sword is nicely engraved and shows scattered areas of dark rust pitting. Hilt is loose at the pommel and the brass scabbard exhibits the normal dings and dents from normal usage. In the cased image, Mullins also wears a militia officer's gold cloth / bullion tasseled epaulette on each shoulder. These original epaulettes, in very good condition, are also included in this grouping as well as a framed pair of documents, one of which is a postal cover dated May 23, 1888 addressed to Judge Samuel Mullins, Martinsville, Henry County, VA. The other item is a certificate designating a Dr. Peter H. Mullins as "Surgeon for the Convicts on the Roanoke and Southern Railroad" signed by then VA governor Fitzhugh Lee. Lastly, a small, turn of the century, paper booklet titled "Official Guide to the Confederate Government" accompanies the uniform ensemble.
This is a unique Southern militia uniform grouping from Virginia that has an outstanding provenance and it would make an extraordinary addition to any advanced collection of Civil War cloth.
A native of Philadelphia and a grocer by trade, twenty four year old Michael Duffy was mustered as 1st Sergeant, Co. I, 69th Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry, on 19 August 1861 at Philadelphia. During his brief career, he received promotion to 2nd Lieutenant 3/1/1862, then to 1st Lieutenant 11/1/1862, and to Captain 2/28/1863.
His regiment, the 69th Pennsylvania, composed primarily of Irishmen, was one of the units comprising the famed Philadelphia Brigade. Although not actively engaged at Chancellorsville, the 69th was engaged in nearly all other major engagements of the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula through Getty