This small hill located north of Gettysburg was the extreme right of the Union line during the first day's fighting on July 1, 1863, receiving heavy Confederate artillery fire. Gen. Francis Barlow led his division here into an exposed position, well forward of the main 11th Corps line. His men were flanked on both sides, eventually retreating through town. Barlow was severely wounded here and fell into enemy hands. Nearby was the Adams County Almshouse and the Almshouse Cemetery.

A high elevation located east of town on Route 116 (Hanover Rd.). On July 2nd 1863 Latimer's Battalion/Raine's Brigade took position on Benner's Hill with a severe cannonaide directed towards Union positions on East Cemetery Hill and Culps in order to support the Confederate attack of Johnston's Infantry. Heavy return fire soon shattered many of Latimer's batteries. About dusk, long after the artillery fire had ceased, Johnson's division charged the Union works on Culp's Hill. The hill provides a sweeping view of Gettysburg, as well as towards Culp's Hill.

The larger of the two summits at the southern end of the Union line, this thickly wooded hill anchored the northern army's left flank. Col. William Oates's 15th Alabama regiment ascended the steep hill before their attacked on Little Round Top. Occupied by Union troops on the night of July 2nd.

Heavily wooded hill that anchored the far right of the Union line. It was the focal point of Confederate attacks on July 2nd & 3rd.

A unique rock formation of huge boulders located on Houck's Ridge just east of Big and Little Round Tops, it was the scene of heavy fighting on the afternoon of July 2nd. Captain James Smith's 4th New York Battery was attacked from three directions, finally being forced from the top of the Den by men from Texas and Georgia regiments. It is a popular spot for tourists today.

Located east of Gettysburg on Route 116 (Hanover Road), it was the scene of a cavalry battle on the afternoon of July 3rd, while Confederate cannon bombarded the Union lines in advance of Pickett's Charge. Here the Union cavalry under Gen. David McMurtrie Gregg won a victory CS Cavalry of Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, and a brash young officer named George Armstrong Custer, newly appointed a Brigadier General, led repeated charges.

Established in 1854, Evergreen Cemetery is the local civilian cemetery. Position of Union artillery from late in the afternoon of July 1st until the end of the battle. The gatehouse was used as General O.O. Howard's headquarters on the night of July 1st. It was the actual site of Lincoln's Gettysburg address, as the podium where he spoke was inside it's boundaries. Here is buried Jennie Wade, the only civilian killed in the battle, and John Burns, citizen soldier, and many other local notables. Elizabeth Thorn, the pregnant wife of the cemetery's caretaker (who was serving with the 138th Pennsylvania), buried 91 dead soldiers in the Evergreen Cemetery with the assistance of her elderly father.

Hancock Avenue is a modern park road that runs north to south along the main Union line on Cemetery Ridge from the Cyclorama to United States Avenue. The battle reached it's climax on July 3rd when Confederates under Pickett, Pettigrew and Trimble launched a 12,500 man strong infantry assault aimed at a copse of trees near the angle of a stone wall along Cemetery Ridge.

The fighting that took place on July 1st occured on and near Herr's Ridge, one of three ridges of high ground running north to south, west of Gettysburg.

On July 2nd, this small town east of Gettysburg was the site of a cavalry battle between a portion of Gen. Kilpatrick's division and Gen. Wade Hampton's CS brigade. Custer had a horse shot out from under him. The wounded were housed in surrounding buildings and houses.

The smaller of two hills at the southern end of the Union "fishhook", Little Round Top was a key feature of the battlefield and is one of the most popularly visited spots today. Site of heavy fighting on July 2nd and the scene of the charge of Col. Joshua Chamberlain and the 20th Maine.

Runs north-south paralleling the Emmitsburg Road, bordering the Gettysburg Recreational Park. This line is the furthest point that Rodes' Division reached on the night of July 2nd. They continued to hold that line on July 3rd but did not participate in Pickett's Charge.

No longer in existence today, there was once a paved "loop" drive in the area between The Angle and the Copse of Trees, which extended eastward from Hancock Avenue towards the stone wall on Cemetery Ridge. It was removed by the Park Service and is now a grassy area, though the outline of it remains visible.

The fighting that took place on July 1st occured on and near Oak Ridge, one of three ridges of high ground running north to south, west of Gettysburg. The Union 1st Corps eventually fell back through Gettysburg, reforming south of town on Cemetery Ridge.

Located on the Emmitsburg Road at the intersection with Wheatfield Rd./Millerstown Rd., were owned by Joseph Sherfy who resided in the adjacent farmhouse. This is the point where Gen. Dan Sickles created a salient in his line on the afternoon of July 2nd by moving his Third Corps troops forward. Four Union batteries were posted here, firing to the southeast until CS Gen. Barksdale's charge at 6:30 PM. Sickles' line was broken, and the Union troops in the orchard and along the Wheatfield hastily retreated.

The Peach Orchard today is on the same ground where part of the original orchard stood. The orchard was much larger in 1863, the bulk extending northward of the Wheatfield Road in front of the Sherfy House. Sherfy's orchard was heavily damaged by the fighting, the trees broken and cut. Sherfy repaired and salvaged as many of the trees as possible, then planted new ones to replace those lost. He also sold canned peaches from his orchard with an advertisement authenticating them from his original peach trees on the battleground.

See also The Sherfy Farm.

Owned by Samuel Pitzer at the time of the battle, this stand of trees is at the southern end of Seminary Ridge. In the late morning of July 2nd, members of the 1st U.S. Sharpshooters were sent to scout this patch of woods, where they briefly engaged Alabama soldiers, then returned to report the presence of Confederates to Gen. Dan Sickles. Later that day, the woods was used as a holding area for men of Gen. Barksdale's command before his attack towards the Sherfy House. The Pitzer house still stands today as part of Eisenhower National Historic Site.

Unfinished railroad cut famous for fighting there on the first day of the battle, where the 6th Wisconsin and the Iron Brigade and two New York regiments overpowered the 2nd Mississippi. Runs parallel to the Chambersburg Pike west of town.

A stand of trees located west of the Lutheran Seminary on the south side of Route 30 (Chambersburg Pike). Heavy fighting was encountered here by the Iron Brigade of Gen. John Reynold's 1st Corps. Reynolds was felled by a bullet while on horseback at the eastern edge of the woods.

Rock Creek runs along the eastern base of Culp's Hill, upon which was anchored the left flank of the Union line during the Battle of Gettysburg.

Sedgwick Avenue is a modern Park Service road that runs southward from the intersection of United States Avenue to the Wheatfield Road. So named for Major General John Sedgwick, 6th Corps commander who had his headquarters here. A large equestrian statue stands along the avenue.

Spangler's Spring is a natural spring that flows at the southern end of Culp's Hill. Union 12th Corps troops occupied this area and constructed earthworks on the knoll north of the spring. Fighting took place on the evening of the 2nd when Confederate tropps under Brig. Gen. George Steuart attempted to take the earthworks, which had been temporarily abandoned. The battle began again on the 3rd at 4 AM and lasted for seven hours. To preserve the spring, the United States War Department constructed a permanent stone and concrete cover over it in 1895.

Located on the western slope of Culps Hill. So named for Battery E, 5th Maine Light Artillery, or Steven's Battery. During the battle the knoll was occupied by a battery of napoleons under the command of Captain Greenlief Stevens, placed there by Gen. Hancock. It helped repulse the Confederate attack on adjacent East Cemetery Hill on the evening of July 2nd.

The Plum Run Valley between The Round Tops and Houck's Ridge/Devil's Den.

The scene of fierce fighting at the southern end of the battlefield on the afternoon of July 2nd. Called the "whirlpool of death", this 19 acre wheat field was owned by George Rose, whose farmhouse stood nearby to the south. Here fought the Confederate brigades of Brig. Gen. George Anderson, Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw and Brig. Gen. Paul Semmes, and Union troops commanded by Brig. Gen. Regis Trobriand and Gen. John Caldwell. The bloody, see-saw struggle resulted in more than 4,000 total casualties.

This creek runs north-south through the first day's battlefield, west of Gettysburg. The area saw fighting between the Union Iron Brigade and Archer's Confederate brigade. A large portion of the fighting on July 1st took place around & near this body of water.

Wolf's Hill is located in the area of Highland and Route 116, east of Gettysburg. Union troops occupied the area, though there was no fighting.

Orchard located at the current location of the Cyclorama Building. Occupied by Union troops during July 2nd and 3rd.

Located on the north side of the Fairfield Rd. (Route 116) at the intersection with Black Horse Tavern Road. Also known as Breams' Tavern, this building is listed on the National Register of Historical Places. Francis Bream purchased the farm and tavern in 1843. The buildings and surrounding land was used extensively as a Confederate field hospital during and after the battle, including Pickett's division.

The Adams County Almshouse was the home for the poor located northeast of town on the Harrisburg Pike, and stood in the path of the retreating men of the Union 11th Corps during the first day of the battle.

The Adams County Courthouse, built in 1858-59, is located at the southwest corner of Middle Street and Baltimore Street. Beginning on Juy 1st, it was used extensively as a hospital site to tend to wounded from both sides.

This farm is located on Herr's Ridge Road between Marsh Creek and Willoughby Run. Butt, his wife and their four children occupied the property at the time of the battle. Nearby is the Butt Schoolhouse. Both properties were the site of Confederate field hospitals.

Owned by French immigrant Nicholas Codori and located on the east side of the Emmitsburg Road, this farm would be at the center of Pickett's Charge on July 3, 1863. Operated as a tenant farm, at the time of the battle it was occupied by Codori's niece Catharine Codori Staub and her husband John Staub; they hid in the basement of the house as the fighting raged around them. It is believed that more than 500 Confederate soldiers were buried on the property following the battle. The original farmhouse stands today.

This farm was located on the Taneytown Road across from the present location of the Artillery Ridge Campground.

This was a stable and boarding house which stood on Baltimore Street at the current site of the new courthouse.

Located on the first day's field, just west of Willoughby Run near modern day Meredith Avenue. The hotel opened in 1869. The building stood three stories tall, and was a spa-resort with elegant accomodations. In 1868, the Gettysburg Lithia Springs Association began bottling and selling the "medicinal waters." The hotel did a brisk business in the 1870's and 1880's but by 1901 had declared bankruptcy. It was destroyed by fire in December 1917.

Located on the high ground of Seminary Ridge on the Chambersburg Pike (Route 30) just west of Gettysburg, the scene of the first day's fighting. The Seminary is the oldest of eight seminaries of the Evangelical Lutheran Churchin America, having its beginnings in 1826.Seminary buildings, including the main building known as "Old Dorm", were used extensiviely as a field hospital for soldiers of both sides. The cupola of Old Dorm was also used as a signal station, as well as an observation post for both Union and Confederate officers including Gen. John Buford and Gen. Robert E. Lee.

Located on the Chambersburg Pike (Route 30 West) at McPherson's Ridge. The barn is the only structure which remains today. Occupied by tenant John Slentz and his family at the time of the battle. McPherson was a journalist, elected to the US House of Representatives, and at the time of the battle was deputy commissioner of internal revenue, having been appointed to that post by President Lincoln. Wounded soldiers of both sides used the house, barn and other outbuildings as shelter during and after the fighting on July 1st.

Home of widow Lydia Leister, located on the eastern slope of Cemetery Ridge and used by Union commander Maj. Gen. George G. Meade as his headquarters during the battle.

Located on the Fairfield Road (Rt. 116), just west of Reynolds Avenue.

The Gettysburg National Guard Armory is located off of West Confederate Avenue, just south of the Fairfield Road.

This farm was occupied by Christian Benner and family at the time of the battle. It was a 208 acre farm located northeast of Culp's Hill near Rock Creek. The site was used as a field hospital. The house and barn remain standing.

The George Rose Farm, located at the southern end of the battlefield on the Emmitsburg Road, was at the center of the maelstrom of fighting on the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, standing between the opposing Union and Confederate lines, as well as being adjacent to the Wheatfield, site of fierce fighting on that day. Between 500 and 1,000 Confederate soldiers were buried on the property, and some of the most famous photographic images of the battle were taken here by Alexander Gardner. The house remains standing, but the barn is in ruin after being struck by lightning in 1910.

Located on both sides of the Emmitsburg Road at the intersection with Wheatfield Rd./Millerstown Rd., the brick house and fifty surrounding acres were owned by Joseph Sherfy. He, his wife and five children had fled before the fighting that enveloped their home and peach orchards on July 2nd during a fierce Confederate attack from the Mississippi Brigade of Brig. Gen. William Barksdale. Many soldiers from both sides took refuge in the barn, which later burned. The original house stands today. The barn, which stood to the west of the house, burned to the ground during the fighting; a newer barn its closer to the road than the original.

Built in 1834, at the time of the battle the house was occupied by widow Mary Thompson. It stands on Seminary Ridge, on the north side of Route 30 (the Chambersburg Pike) just west of Gettysburg. General Robert E. Lee established his headquarters here on the first day of the battle. It opened to the public as a museum in 1922 after being purchased by Clyde Daley. It remains open to the public today.

The Abraham Trostle Farm is a 135 acre farm located on United States Avenue. The original house and barn remain standing. The barn still bears a scar of the battle - a hole near the roofline through which a cannon ball passed on July 2nd, after Gen. Daniel Sickles moved his 3rd Corps forward to form a salient at the Peach Orchard not far to the west. Along the road in front of the house stands a monument for the 9th Massachusetts Battery, which had retreated to this point from its original position along the Wheatfield Road during the fighting on July 2nd. The battery stood its ground here, allowing other units to retreat safely back towards Seminary Ridge. Timothy O'Sullivan's famous photos show the many dead horses that lay near the house & barn. Still standing across US Avenue the "witness tree" under which Sickles had his headquarters. Also located near the barn is a marker indicating the spot where Gen. Dan Sickles was seriously wounded, requiring the amputation of his leg.

The home of Georgia Wade McClellan and her family located on Baltimore Street south of Steinwehr Avenue. 20 year old Jennie Wade took refuge here during the battle. While baking bread on the morning of July 3rd, a shot fired by a Confederate sharpshooter passed through the kitchen door of the house, striking Jennie in the back, killing her. She was the only civilian to die during the battle. The house remains standing today as a museum and is open for tours.

The Weikert Farm stands at the modern intersection of United States Avenue and Hancock Avenue on Cemetery Ridge. It was past this farm and surrounding area that General Caldwell's division of Hancock's 2nd Corps headed into the fighting at the Wheatfield at the double quick on July 2, 1863 to held stem the tide of the Confederate attack.

The Oak Ridge Museum was opened circa 1900 by Penrose Myers, who was jeweler on Baltimore St. The museum sold souvenir items and relics. Following Myers death (date unknown), the museum remained open, owners unknown. It was purchased by the National Park Service in 1958/59.

Dr. Henry A. Stewart (1868-1956) was the son of Salome "Sallie" Myers Stewart. Sallie, a schoolteacher, was a resident of Gettysburg at the time of the battle, and nursed wounded soldiers in its aftermath in local churches as well as at Camp Letterman.

She and her family took shelter in the cellar of their West Middle Street home on July 1st as Union troops retreated through Gettysburg. Emerging from her hiding place, Sallie was soon drawn into tending the wounded at St. Francis Xavier Church on West High Street. One of the soldiers she aided was Sgt. Alexander Stewart of the 149th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who died on July 6, 1863. Later that month she received a letter from his younger brother, Henry, beginning a relationship that resulted in their marriage in 1867. Their marriage was brief, ending with Henry's death in the fall of 1868. Sallie gave birth to her son Henry Alexander Stewart in February 1869. Sallie died in 1922.

Dr. Stewart was one of the founders of Gettysburg's Annie M. Warner Hospital, and was also a local historian. He made typed copies of Sallie's diaries, preserving them for history and allowing us a glimpse into one woman's experiences during the Civil War.