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CDV OF GENERAL ERASMUS D. KEYES

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Seated studio view of Keyes in dress uniform. He wears a double-breasted frock with dress epaulettes, a sash, and sword belt. He holds a sword in front of himself and holds a chapeau in his lap. Image is clear and has very good detail. Photographers backmark, E. Anthony, New York from a Brady negative.

Erasmus Darwin Keyes (May 29, 1810 – October 14, 1895) was a businessman, banker, and military general, noted for leading the IV Corps of the Union Army of the Potomac during the first half of the American Civil War.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Keyes was promoted to colonel of the 11th U.S. Infantry Regiment. He then served briefly on the staff of New York Governor Morgan, overseeing that state's raising of militia.

At the First Battle of Bull Run, Keyes commanded a brigade, before assuming command of a division in November. In August 1861 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general of volunteers. On March 14, 1862, President Lincoln issued an order forming the Army of the Potomac into corps, Keyes receiving command of the new IV Corps. Keyes saw action at Lee's Mill, Yorktown, Bottom's Bridge, Savage's Station, Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, and Harrison's Landing. For gallantry at Fair Oaks, Keyes received the brevet of brigadier general in the regular army.

During the Gettysburg Campaign in 1863, Keyes fell afoul of General Dix's strategic plan to demonstrate heavily against Richmond in order to divert Confederate reinforcements from General Robert E. Lee's army in Pennsylvania. Keyes retreated from a position near what is now Talleysville, Virginia, in the face of what Dix deemed to be inferior forces, and Keyes was removed from command. He retired from the army on May 6, 1864.

Following his war service, Keyes moved to San Francisco, where he soon became financially successful and prominent. He was president of a Mexican gold mining company in 1867–1869, and vice president of the California vine-culture society from 1868 to 1872. While on a trip to Europe with his wife, Keyes died in Nice, France, at age 85. He is buried in West Point Cemetery.    [jet] [ph:L]

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