BUGLE IDENTIFIED TO MAURICE LEYDEN, THIRD NEW YORK CAVALRY

BUGLE IDENTIFIED TO MAURICE LEYDEN, THIRD NEW YORK CAVALRY

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Item Code: 1268-777W

This bugle, along with several other items, came directly from the Leyden family in 1998 and within a few months was in the Ray Richey collection.  Maurice Leyden was 22 years of age when he enrolled at Syracuse in the military June 12, 1861. By July of 1861 he was a second lieutenant of Co. B Third New York Cavalry (aka Van Alan Cavalry). On June 12th, 1863, he was promoted to a 1st lieutenant. His service was that of the 3rd New York cavalry's. Please refer to this link (https://civilwarintheeast.com/us-regiments-batteries/new-york-regiments-and-batteries/3rd-new-york-cavalry/). Leyden was captured in action at Darbytown road near Richmond. This was the last advance by the Army of Northern Virginia north of the James River.  The battle began successfully at dawn on October 7, 1864, as the combined Confederate assault overpowered the Union cavalry stationed on Darbytown Road. Two hours elapsed before the attack could continue, however, giving Union Gen. Alfred H. Terry time to redeploy his division to face the Confederate attack in the fields just north of there. The attack soon fell apart, and the remnants of the Confederate force withdrew west to their original defensive lines. Lee’s last advance north of the James River resulted in more than 1,000 Confederate casualties while the Federals suffered fewer than 500. Leyden was subsequently confined in three rebel prisons, Salisbury, Danville and Libby. On February 22, 1865, he was paroled and officially exchanged April 1, 1865. He was given a captain's commission in absentia December 22, 1864, retroactive to October 10, 1864. Leyden returned to the 3rd New York cavalry as a captain shortly after April 1, 1865. Within 3 months he transferred to Co, B 1st Mounted Rifles.  The designation of the regiment was changed to the 4th Provisional Cavalry on September 6, 1865. On November 29, 1865, he mustered out with his company. In January 1866 he was brevetted a major of US volunteers. Please click on this link for more on this interesting soldier (Emerging Civil War). After the war he was also variously president of the American Dental Association, the Rochester Savings and Loan Association and the Davis & Leyden dental equipment manufacturing company, Monroe County Clerk, first secretary of the Rochester Title Insurance Company and supervisor of Rochester's 8th Ward and was active in the GAR and the 3rd NY Cavalry Association. He died in 1906.

The distinction between bugles for mounted troops and bugles for others was not observed to any great degree during the war and we see this pattern carried by cavalry, artillery and infantry. Made of copper with brass garland and ferrules, double twist and lengthwise dovetail seam, and standing 16 inches tall, counting the mouthpiece. This example is unmarked but may be made for example by Klemm and Brother of Philadelphia. The firm had prewar and wartime U.S. contracts for bugles, trumpets, and fifes, and contracts for drum snares during the war as well. Contracts for bugles specifically included two 1856 contracts for a total of 50 and wartime contracts that included Jan. 7 and Oct. 20, 1864, for total of 1,300 bugles and another on Aug. 12 specifically for 350 copper bugles. This has a nice, aged patina to both the copper and brass.  The solder holding the overlapping portions of the tube together is still perfect. The worsted yellow wool bugle cords with tassels are in place. They are dirty and faded but are in excellent condition. They follow the U.S. Army Regulations of 1861 and the revised regulations in 1863 and would probably measure about 8 feet unwrapped. A handwritten, circa 1890, tag reads: "Bugle of Co. B. 3rd N.Y. Cav. Belonging to Major Maurice Leyden."   [pe][ph:L]

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