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SHERIDAN BADGE IDENTIFIED TO T. D. GARMAN, 16TH CAVALRY

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This is a beautiful 14K gold Sheridan badge in excellent condition. The ornate top bar is unmarked, has a pinback with open loop flat ‘C’ catch and still has the original cavalry yellow silk ribbon attached. Two gold chains suspend a Sheridan Cavalry Corps badge with an enameled center with crossed cavalry sabers. The reverse of the medal is beautifully inscribed in script “Presented / to / T. D. Garman / From The / 16^th Pa. Cavalry / Penna. day 1889.”  The original hinged leatherette covered and blue satin line case has a J. K. Davison jeweler’s hallmark on the interior lid.

Theorus D. Garman was with the 16^th PA cavalry from its formation at the beginning of the war, through the end of the war. Born in 1841, he was mustered into Company “F” on 9/18/1862 as a private. On 7/1/1863 he was promoted to Quarter Master Sergeant and on the same day he was transferred to Field and Staff. Garman was discharged on 6/15/1865. During his service he would have been involved in most of the major campaigns of the Eastern theater of the war, including the battle of Gettysburg. His 1909 obituary made note that he was "under Gen. Sheridan thoughout all of the important engagements in which the latter figured and was present at Lee's surrender."

Garman worked variously as a tailor, a school teacher, and editor.  He was elected to the PA House of Representatives in 1876 as a Democrat. Served as editor of the Juniata Tribune, 1878-1889; was a lawyer from 1890-1909, and a clerk in the Pennsylvania Department of State. He died on 2/28/1909 in Nanticoke, Luzerne County, PA, and is buried in Westminster Presbyterian Cemetery in Mifflintown, Juniata County, PA.

The 16th cavalry, the 161st regiment of the line, was recruited from the state at large, rendezvoused at Camp Simmons, near Harrisburg, afterwards at Camp McClellan, and was mustered into the U. S. service during September, October and the first half of November, 1862, for three years. Col. Gregg was an experienced officer, having served in the Mexican war, afterwards in the 11th U. S. infantry where he rose to the grade of captain, and later in the state militia. On the outbreak of the rebellion, he was made colonel of the 5th regiment of the reserve corps, but accepted a commission in the 6th U. S. cavalry instead and served with that regiment during the Peninsular and Maryland campaigns. On Nov. 30 the regiment proceeded to Camp Casey, near Bladensburg, Md., and on Jan. 3, 1863, it joined the army of the Potomac at Falmouth, where it was assigned to Averell's division of the cavalry corps. During the winter it was engaged in severe picket and guard duty and first met the enemy at Kelly's ford in March, 1863, where it met with a slight loss. It shared in the various movements of its division prior to and during the battle of Chancellorsville, but was not actively engaged. At Brandy Station in May it guarded the trains and had no part in the fighting. On June 1 it was assigned to the 2nd brigade 2nd division, cavalry corps, Col. J. Irvin Gregg commanding the brigade, Gen. David McM. Gregg the division, and Gen. Pleasonton the corps. On May 16, 1863, Capt. Robison was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and was in command of the regiment during the Gettysburg campaign. On the march northward into Pennsylvania it was engaged at Middleburg and Upperville. At Gettysburg it was only lightly engaged, losing 2 killed and 4 wounded. After the battle it followed in pursuit and was engaged at Halltown and Shepherdstown. In the latter action it made several gallant charges and met with a loss of 24 killed, wounded and missing. In the fall campaign it skirmished at Culpeper and was active at Jeffersonton, Auburn and Bristoe Station, on the retreat to Centerville. In the Mine Run campaign it was active on the Fredericksburg plank road and at Parker's store. During the winter of 1863-64 it participated in raids to Luray and Front Royal, and a detachment of the command shared in Kilpatrick's raid from Stevensburg to Richmond. On the opening of the spring campaign of 1864 it was active at the Wilderness and Todd's tavern; shared in Sheridan's cavalry raid to Richmond in May, and near the close of that month was heavily engaged at Haw's shop, losing 4 killed and 20 wounded, Lieut.-Col. Robison being among the latter. In June it moved with Sheridan in the expedition towards Lynchburg; was heavily engaged at Trevilian Station in June; and at Samaria Church, where it repelled repeated charges. During the rest of the year it was engaged at Malvern hill, Strawberry Plains, losing 7 killed, 2 officers and 22 men wounded, out of less than 200 engaged, at Six-mile house, Weldon railroad, at Reams, station, Poplar Spring Church, Belcher's mills, Hatcher's run where it lost 3 killed and 28 wounded, and on Dec. 1 it assisted in the capture of a fort, 3 guns and a number of prisoners, at Stony Creek station on the Weldon railroad. It shared in the Weldon railroad expedition without loss and then went into winter quarters at Hancock's station. Early in Feb., 1865, it was heavily engaged at Dabney's mill and on the opening of the final campaign it met with severe loss at Dinwiddie Court House. The regiment was incessantly active throughout the closing days of the war, being engaged at Five Forks, Amelia springs, Sailor's Creek and Farmville. Upon the close of hostilities it was posted at Lynchburg to preserve order and guard property and in August it moved to Richmond, Va., where it was mustered out on the 11th. Source: The Union Army, vol. 1  [ff/ld][ph:L]

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